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ASP .NET
PHP
Javascript was originally used before server side scripts were available, to provide more user interactivity. Combined with html and css DHTML could be used to make "dynamic HTML" web pages. Nowadays it is used in Ajax and also for various functions within websites, although server side scripting is more usual these days than client side javascript functions, it is still a useful language, especially with its use within the AJAX framework. As functions are performed client side, javascripts can be alot faster than a server function, so it is still a good means to do things within websites. Search engines however do not generally read the results of javascript as a user does, so if using js for menus etc, this should be remembered as it can affect SEO. Always use a <noscript> as around 4% of web users either turn JS off in their browsers (usually to avoid the dreaded js popups), or are otherwise unable to view the results.
Below are a few examples of simple javascript functions that a user can interact with...
A common use of JS is to identify things about a website visitor, such as what browser they are using, the screen resolution etc. This is useful information for cross browser scripting, to make sure that a website looks ok to anyone who visits, no matter what client they use to view your site. Below you can see some information about you that javascript can pick up...
Click for your screen resolution
Another common use of JS is to validate forms to check if a user has entered all fields correctly...if you click the check field button below, without entering any text in the box, you will see an error message....